Summer's here and kids are outdoors more. Here's a guide to common kindergarten injuries.

Skin scrapes: rinse with water, disinfect with iodine, cover if needed.

Bumps: cold compress for 24 hours, then warm compress. Watch mental state after head bumps.

Nosebleeds: lean forward, pinch nostrils for 10-15 minutes, apply cold.

When to see a doctor: deep wounds, heavy contamination, joint immobility, animal bites.

Children will get hurt. A parent's calm presence and the right steps are the best protection.